The colors used in handmade carpets

The colors used in handmade carpets

The colors used in handmade carpets are divided into two categories: natural colors and artificial colors:

1- Synthetic dyes: These are dyes that are prepared from chemical and synthetic materials and are divided into two categories: ink dyes and chromium dyes:
A) Essential or aniline dyes or volatile dyes: This group of dyes is obtained from aniline, which is cheap and volatile. And in the tradition of carpet weaving, they are known as ink colors. The ink colors are substandard and worn out in the face of washing and light wear And they lose their stability And due to the low stability, it is a serious danger for Iranian carpets Their use should be banned, but for reasons such as cheapness, basic attractiveness, Easy to access, low time for dyeing and Lack of awareness of the benefits of natural colors has been welcomed.

B) Chrome colors: are a group of artificial colors And because of the chromium (potassium bichromate) for stability And the transparency of the resulting colors is used, they are also called chrome colors. The use of these colors is similar to natural colors And they have good stability against washing and light. These colors have a sharp effect on the new carpet and become dull and faded on the old carpet.

2- Natural colors: These are colors that have plant, animal and metal origin And dyeing with them requires a lot of time, precision and skill. Natural colors are divided into 3 groups of plant, animal and metal colors:

A) Plant dyeing materials:
1- Rubia tinctorum: It is a plant that is grown as a car in most areas, but in recent years it is cultivated in Kerman, Yazd and Mazandaran. The dye is obtained from the root, which is thick, fleshy, and red in color. The color of the substance is alizarin.
Ronas has a maximum coloring age of 7-3 years, which is obtained from 3-year-old, brick Ronas and 7-year-old Ronas, dark red, in other words, the color strength of Ronas root is directly related to the length of time it stays in the soil.
After the rhubarb root is taken out of the ground, it is dried and ground and rounded and used for dyeing.
2- Walnut peel: Walnut is a large tree and has a very strong wood. The green skin of the fruit of this plant is used for dyeing. As soon as the fruit ripens, it is separated and dried and used for dyeing. This skin alone gives cream, camel and brown colors in certain proportions, but in combination with materials such as black alum, it can be obtained from black and in combination with ferrous, gray and black sulfate.
3- Hair leaves: Yellow hair is obtained from hair leaves. However, raw materials are also used to obtain grass color, garlic green and lemon yellow.
4- Pomegranate peel: Its color is dark yellowish-brown. It is used to make gray, black, yellow, orange, cream and mouse colors.
5- Corymbia opaca: It is a tall, reddish tree whose red color is used. The pigment of this plant is hematin and it is used as a red dye that is used for dyeing wool and silk. Used to make purple and red.
6- Goat: Skin is a type of mountain pistachio that because it has a lot of tannins, it is used as a tooth to prove the red color of the seeds, but it is also used to prepare gray and black colors.
7- Pair: The subcutaneous skin of the oak tree, whose skin is rich in mazoji materials, is used as a raw material for preparing yellow, camel and brown colors.
8- Nile (azure): It grows in tropical areas such as the south of the country and Baluchestan and is one of the raw materials for preparing blue colors and colors such as green, navy, mulberry and mouse. The main part of the color is obtained from its leaves. Today, indigo dyes are derived from alternative chemical or industrial indigo.
9- Saffron: This plant is cultivated in Qaenat, Torbat, Kashmar and Estahbanat and yellow color is obtained from it. However, due to the high cost of this material, it is less used in dyeing.
10- Black berries: It is one of the raw materials for obtaining purple and red colors.
11- Straw: It is used to obtain yellow color.
12- Gandel: This plant grows in central areas, especially Bakhtiari. And it is used to make a bright yellow color.
13- Sumac: This plant, which is also used for food, has a large amount of masochistic substances
It is used to make dates from brown to brown, and when mixed with iron sulfate, it gives a dark brownish-purple color.
14- Wasmeh: It is one of the raw materials for preparing blue color, from which colored material is obtained from its leaves.
15- Safflower: The colored substance is present in its flower and the raw material for preparing yellow is reddish.
16- Sour cherries: The fruit of the cherry tree is used to get red color.
17. Spark: One of the best dyes used to make yellow paint and goes by car, and Spark flowers have the most color and its roots have the least color.