Isfahan Handicrafts Iran
Crafts represent the ancestors’ art and industry and represent the taste and art of the people of each country. In the past, crafts have been an active phenomenon throughout the covenant.
In the days when the machine did not exist and even when it was not present today it was the industry that supported all the talents and creations of human creation. That is why today one can look at the crafts of any tribe At what stage did that folk get to know the craft.
Isfahan Handicrafts has been introduced to the world as a representative of authentic Iranian folk art for many centuries. Therefore, if we call Isfahan the cradle of Iranian handicrafts, we would not say an exaggeration.
Because the intellectual and psychological characteristics of Isfahan artisan such as taste, art, perseverance and contentment has made Isfahan handmade products not only in our country many buyers but also travelers and tourists and foreign enthusiasts seeking Isfahan handmade features Be specific.
Isfahan province is one of the largest centers of production of various types of Iranian handicrafts. The province has long been a cradle of fine arts and fine arts.
Brick, tile, plaster and line decorations in Isfahan’s historical monuments, from about centuries ago to the contemporary period, around and around the minarets and inside and outside mosques, palaces and fine arts and crafts, cashmere and silverwork, and Illumination of different types of books, Quran and paintings attests to the artistic center of Isfahan.
Wiring, glittering, painting, embroidery, weaving chains, carpet weaving and textile are common in Isfahan. These crafts flourished during the Safavid kings. During the Qajar era, the Isfahan handicrafts market was booming.
But after the Constitutional Revolution it expanded. Generally the design and role of Isfahan handicrafts, rugs and brushes and engraving and tile utensils, fabric sewn under the influence of Safavid decorative designs, and Isfahan designers, derive their power of understanding and skill from old works. And with their creativity, they make them more beautiful. Currently the most important isfahan handicrafts are:
carpet weaving
One of Isfahan’s handicrafts is carpet weaving. Esfahan was one of the major carpet weaving centers during the Safavid era. There were many workshops in the city where carpets of gold were woven.
Isfahan suffered a great deal in the Afghan sedition and lost many artists and craftsmen, but soon regained its prestige. Isfahan carpet weaving was restored during the Qajar period. In World War I, Isfahan was one of the major centers of rug making and after that many economic crises did not affect carpet weaving because its rugs were cheap.
The number of colors selected in Isfahan carpets is very limited. Isfahan carpets are Persian and their pairs are not low. Natural dyes are very poorly used and most of the good carpets use tooth-colored chemicals.
There are more or less carpets in the villages around Isfahan. The carpets and rugs are woven on Shah Abbas and other Isfahan designs. The colors used are generally vegetable, and are more commonly used than rhubarb, ghee, asperg, big or gandel, walnut bark, pomegranate bark and a few other plants.
Esfahan functions that are famous in the art of carpet weaving Bakhtiari rugs and carpets should be mentioned. Bakhtiari rugs are of course woven mostly in the villages of Shahrekord and Chahar Mahal.
Carpets and rugs have been famous since Safavid times and carpet weaving history goes back to the Safavid era. But in the days of Shah Abbas, the industry developed very much there.
Numerous royal workshops were working there at the time. Boilers were Kashan’s functions at that time. There are many carpets in European and American museums assigned to this small village. The carpets are fine-grained and double-sided.
Engraving
Engraving is one of the oldest handicrafts that has been at the height of its popularity for centuries and has been customary since the Mongol era in Iran. In the course of this period, in order to attract the attention of the Mongol readers, Iranians also initiated initiatives that included the invention of painting or cloths, then the industry expanded further in the Safavid era.
In any case, the glorious life of this industry was in the Safavid era, and by the middle of the Qajar era it had gradually declined. During the reign of Shah Abbas Kabir, this industry flourished, and most of the men’s and women’s clothing was made of woolen fabrics.
At that time there were special venues for courtiers in the Isisahan Geyseriyeh market, and gummy carpets, so-called “deluge,” were obtained from those locations.
During the reign of Reza Shah, with special privileges provided to the craftsmen and master of the word, especially the craftsmen of Ghalmak, the industry regained its former prosperity and some of the great old masters such as Sheikh Hariri Mashhadi Abdul Khaliq, Haj Mohammad Reza and Haj Mohammad Taghi The Brotherhood of Chit Saz, the Birjandi brothers and Sheikh Baha’i and several others formed Qalamkar Production Company.
Inlay
Inlay is another Isfahan handicraft. The art of finishing is the decoration of small triangular-shaped objects whose various designs have always been in regular geometric shapes.
These geometric shapes are embedded in small triangles. It can be said that the end of the geometry is made of triangular (equilateral) triangles made of ivory, bone, wood, and wire rods, usually 2 mm thick on the outer or inner and outer surface of wooden objects. Paste.
Remains of antiquity such as the palace doors, the Qur’anic ruins, and the Inlay tombs show that this art was widely used in ancient times, especially in the Safavid era. But it turns out that this art has been declining in Isfahan for several years and has only become the center of this industry.
Initially, Khatam’s work was made using very large triangles that were aligned side by side, but gradually the dimensions of the triangles became smaller and smaller as the artists developed. However, the art of termination has evolved since its inception.
Inlay craftsmen use a variety of raw materials to create the inlay, which is less common in other handicrafts. These include: betel wood, walnut wood, orange wood, jujube wood, camel bone, brass wire, brass substrate, hot serum, cold serum, formalin, fiber and polished oil and plywood.
They also use hinges and hinges to complete the construction. Khatam is used in various products including: photo frame, cigar box, cane, pip, cosmetics box, key holder, keypad and album cover.
In Isfahan, in addition to the objects of Khatam, which are made in Shiraz, they have added some of Khatam’s artifacts to silver and enamel, which do not exist in Shiraz. Khatami boxes, for example, are painted on a miniature and oiled.
Manufacture and etching of copper and brass products
One of the most prosperous Isfahan handicrafts is the etching and sale of silver copper and brass products.
Raw materials used by etching of copper and rice and silver products include silver, copper, copper, and copper and rice alloys. Some of the raw materials from other countries such as Yugoslavia in Iran are supplied by regional electricity companies and National Iranian Oil Company and so on.
The tool of the artisan’s work consists of two categories.
A bunch of tools are used in the etching process, such as bending machine, brush motor, electric furnace, anchor, hammer and other batches needed in the baking stage, including bitumen, compactors, a number of brushes. , Hammer and so on. Some of the workshops in this field are solely concerned with the production of copper and silver silver products, and there are also workshops that do only partial work on these metals and are the third category of workshops dealing with both metalwork and metalwork. They pay together.
Woodcarving
The word engraving means a special carving, along with pores on wood, which has a long history; perhaps the beginning of the engraving history can be traced back to the time when man first carved a winning wooden tool.
The art of woodcarving is still popular today and many artists around the country are busy with it, but unfortunately the use of original motifs including Islamic and Khatami or floral designs is being forgotten and foreign designs replaced. Takes over.
Instead of carving the wood and highlighting the desired role, in some of these arts, they combine different wood with its various natural colors. This work is very similar to mosaic art. In this new species, bushes are used for yellow and jujube for red.
The field of work is more than walnut or the roots of forest trees that have their own beautiful motifs. The most important material on which wood is carved is wood. The wood should be firm and without knots.
They use ebony, betel, bokeh, swordfish, and jujube and walnut for this purpose Of course, ebony and baqma are durable because they are both firmer and greasy, but in Iran because of the abundance of walnut wood, this wood is mostly used.
Wood carving in the cities of Golpayegan and Isfahan is well-deserved.
Financial wool
Isfahan is one of the most important centers for producing different types of city wool (Shahreza).
Weaving wool and embroidery
Unfortunately, the embroidery is disappearing in different cities of Isfahan province. In addition to producing wool, the city’s sewing machines also repair shoes. The production of watermelon, which involves the preparation of the watermelon, and finally the sewing of the watermelon, is the same as in other parts of the country.
Weaving in Nain
Nain is located in the east of Isfahan and the only handicraft industry is in the area near Mohammadiyeh. About 25 percent of the abaya is sold locally and the rest is shipped to Mashhad and Qom and sometimes to Arab countries.
Pottery in Shahreza
Ceramics and ceramics is another handicraft that is common in the cities of Natanz and Shahreza. Shahreza is one of the major pottery centers in Iran and its products have many buyers.
The roles in Shahreza ceramics are often the role of flowers, bushes and fish, and iron, copper, manganese and cobalt oxides are used to paint the glaze. In the city of Natanz, a ceramic workshop using acetone soil produces interesting products. There are many ceramics and ceramics workshops in Isfahan.
Embroidered leather and leather
The embroidery industry has been one of Isfahan’s handicrafts in the past, but now it does not have that old boom. Isfahan leather products have a great demand for the elegance and softness of the fibers and the white color of one hand.
Surveys show that the number of buyers of skin care products is decreasing day by day, and the decline in the number of embroidery workshops also indicates a decline in demand for these products.
Tapestry
One of Isfahan’s handicrafts, which has great artistic value and whose products require extraordinary finesse and precision, is nationalization, and the manufactured products of the artisans of this field represent their rich taste.
It should be noted that some products such as flowers and earrings do not only interfere with tapestry makers but also use enamel makers and goldsmiths and charge them for their work.
needle work and Crochet
Isfahan handicrafts are also needle work and Crochet. The raw materials used are needle work and Crochet linen: Iranian and foreign flax and cotton yarn (made from Tehran and woven or woven). The most commonly used outer linen is 140 cm wide.Round tablecloths, underclothes and special handkerchiefs are all kinds of buttonhole or stitching products.
miniature
Another Isfahan handicraft is painting. Painting in Iran has a long history. Painting evolved in the city under Shah Abbas II, who became the capital and art center of Iran.
Typically, wood, ivory, fiber, and bone are used for painting, and each workshop produces its own work, and usually the ink and enamel are used around the photo frame and box. It is worth mentioning that some Isfahan artists are also involved in carpet design, illumination and ritual.
Silver making
Silver making is one of the most common handicrafts in Isfahan. Types of silverware manufacturing processes include tea, pot, candlestick and multilayer services.
Enamels
Another Isfahan handicraft is enamel. It is difficult to say when the enamel art has become popular in Iran. There are no specimens of pug in the pre-Safavid era, and even in the Safavid era, there are no significant examples. But during the Qajar era, enamel work was scarce, and objects such as the Surkhiyan and the hookah pots and the hookah pots were potted.
The prevalence of the enamel industry in Isfahan dates back to the Pahlavi era and around 1310 AH, and in particular, this art-industry was developed and developed by one of Isfahan’s most respected artists and scholars. They were trained to create each other a focal point in Mina’s art.
Most of the current enamel makers market such as earrings, necklaces, rings, large and small makeup boxes, cigar cans, inlaid and enamel boxes, enamel plates, enamel pots, large and small boards Plywood combined with other arts such as goldsmithing, embroidery and miniature. Gold and silver can also be used for enamel, but basically enamel is done on copper.
Tile making
Tile making is one of the main handicrafts in Isfahan. These products feature well-preserved old designs and designs and are still in great demand today. Other arts using tile in the province are mosaic tiles, which is to cut and tile and put them together. Since the roles on the tiles are somewhat complex, tile makers cannot draw them mentally, so artisans recommend designs to designers. After the design has been made, the craftsman will install it on the tile. To do this, place the desired design on a previously prepared simple tile and then insert the needle onto the sketch lines so that the map lines remain in place with the needle being shaped by pouring charcoal round the pores. And the design is transferred to the tile. After that, the lines are painted according to taste and put in the oven for cooking. From now on the product will be ready for market.
Gold on steel
Talakubi is one of the methods of decorating steel objects and works that is prevalent in Isfahan. In addition to conventional steel, they also build science, which we know is moving ahead of the mourners, especially at the mourning ceremony of the martyrs of Imam Hussein (AS). In addition to steel blades, science usually has figurines of some other birds, as well as pots, cans, and candlesticks, all of which are attached to the rod on which the frame rests, and on the blades of science, especially the middle blade from other blades. The taller one is called Mobarka Talakobi.
At present, gold is also carved on the sculptures of birds and animals such as peacocks, pigeons, deer, lions, etc. (which actually imitate sculptures associated with all kinds of mourning sciences). Take it.
Binding
It is the act of tying all the leaves of the book and putting them in a cover and shield in the name of the cover, which can be by hand or by machine. Of course, this was mostly done by artists in the old days, and each artist created artworks with exemplary and exemplary artifacts that are now available in museums.
The earliest versions of this volume were from six centuries AD Bible versions written in Egypt and made of papyrus paper. They covered it with leather and used leather to fasten it. The volumes can be divided into different types in terms of their construction, each of which has evolved over time as a result of the development of the art of making volumes.
1-Fuel volumes 2-Multiply volumes 3-Lacquer volumes
Turquoise Knob
Turquoise Knob is one of the few handicrafts that has no historical background and is currently in limited production, which makes Turquoise Knob not as well known as the beauty and appeal of a good handicraft product. With it.
Turquoise Knob dates back to about 70 years ago and at that time a craftsman named Yusuf Hakim known as Mohammad Reza in Mashhad started work on turquoise ornaments such as bracelets, flowers, earrings … and about 20 years later He was taken to Isfahan by another craftsman named Haj Dadash from Mashhad.
At present, Turquoise Knob handicrafts are common only in Isfahan and the artisans working in this field are limited as well.
Isfahan Turquoise Knob is also used in dishes such as plates, cups, bowls and sprinklers, regardless of jewelry. One of the side jobs of the Turquoise Knob industry is the provision of infrastructure, which takes place in a goldsmith’s workshop separately.
A turquoise staple, whether ornaments or containers, is an object made of copper, brass, silver or bronze, with particles and fine particles of turquoise embedded in parts of the surface in a mosaic form, thus appearing It is specifically given. Making and paying for such a product involves two general steps:
A) goldsmiths b) turquoise beads
The turquoise-maker craftsman also uses tools and tools in various stages of work, including molds, hammers, drills, gas lights, gasoline lights, tongs, pliers, pens, springs, various metal pipes, stoves and stones. It is sanding.
The important thing about turquoise is first and foremost a proper turquoise installation on the metal so that it has sufficient strength and not to be detached when polishing the turquoise parts, and that the more turquoise the container is, the more productive and the more regular stone pieces next to it. Installed with each other and with no distances between the turquoise pieces, the work has greater artistic value.