In the twists and turns of Gabbeh Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Gabbeh is a type of carpet and underlayment with long lint, which is mostly woven in urban and rural areas of Shahrekord, Borujen, Ardal and Farsan counties. Since handicrafts are part of human production and originate from artistic taste and creativity, technical skills, natural and indigenous raw materials and human insight and belief and are influenced by the world around them, the handicrafts of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari also rely on The historical background, climatic and natural features of the living environment, the culture of the producer and the consumer are constructed and addressed. For this reason, such artifacts are known as cultural goods that, in addition to material function, carry the cultural message and ethnic characteristics of the region.
The combination of the characteristics of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari handicrafts has caused this art of indigenous industries to be part of the economic activities of the income of the country’s villages and cities, including the urban and rural areas of this province. In such a situation, it is necessary to support the production of handicrafts in order to maintain and attract domestic and foreign markets is one of the factors for the continuation of production and ultimately the survival of traditional arts, crafts and ancient culture of this region.
The expert on business development and promotion of the Deputy of Handicrafts and Traditional Arts of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, referring to the technical nature of “Gabbeh” weaving, said: The weaving technique of this carpet is similar to carpet weaving.
Jahanbakhsh Turki Herchgani emphasized: the density of knots and wefts used in the texture of “Gabbeh” is much less and the whole family is “Khersak”.
He added that the raw materials used in the production of “Gabbeh” are sheep’s spring wool, which is prepared by hand with simple tools such as “Piliy” and traditional spinning wheel.
Turki Herchgani stated: The warp and weft used in “Gabbeh” weave is made of wool and no non-original fibers are used in it.
He considered the classification of “Gabbeh” in terms of texture to include two types of “Gabbeh Rizbaft” and “Gabbeh Darshtabft” and reminded:
The Deputy Minister of Trade Development and Promotion of the Deputy for Handicrafts and Traditional Arts of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari stated:
He described other features of “Gabbeh” as the designs used in the product, saying that the designs used include simple geometric broken designs, simple designs inspired by the surrounding nature, such as the sun, sky, plains, mountains, domestic animals and more. It’s wild.
Turki Herchgani emphasized: This type of design and patterns in the texture of “Gabbeh” has caused this art of art to be distinguished from other underlays.
He added: “The dyes used in” Gabbeh “, in addition to being herbal, are sufficiently stable against light and washing.
The Deputy Minister of Trade Development and Promotion of the Deputy for Handicrafts and Traditional Arts of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari stated: Due to the fact that the cream used in the weaving of “Gabbeh” is more twisted. .
He reminded: for this reason, when painting “Gabbeh” creams, the color does not penetrate inside and its brain.
“That’s why when weaving and cutting the extra lint, there are different colors, which is called ‘cloud’ or ‘light shade’, which doubles its beauty and opacity,” Turki Herchgani said.
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari has more than 12,000 handicraft artists, of which 3,000 to 6,000 work in different seasons.
Currently, there are 52 urban, rural and nomadic handicrafts in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. Weaving weaves such as carpet weaving, kilim weaving, jajim weaving and carpet weaving, chokhabafi, felt embroidery, mali hat, embroidery, embroidery, embossing, pottery, khorjin weaving, weaving black tents, handicrafts, carpentry, locksmithing, weaving, knitting , Is a rural and nomadic village of this province. Between 2012 and 2017, about $ 1.2 million worth of felt products were exported from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari abroad, indicating that this product could be one of the most important export goods in the province. Currently, 500 Namdal artists are working in 15 large workshops produced by Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, of which 400 are in Shahrekord and 100 in Borujen. So far, 250 handicraft licenses have been issued for this field and 4 companies active in the production and export of felt are active in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. In June 2011, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Namdali was registered as a national intangible heritage. Due to the high use of felt, it is possible to use these products in the tourism, automotive, defense and sports industries. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari felt products are produced in two traditional and modern ways. Today, in the production of new felt, due to innovation and various applications, more than 40 types of felt products are produced and marketed.
